अपवाह (Drainage) NCERT भूगोल कक्षा 9 अध्याय 3 – विस्तृत सारांश परिचय अपवाह (Drainage) का अर्थ किसी क्षेत्र की नदी व्यवस्था से है। एक मुख्य नदी और उसकी सहायक नदियाँ मिलकर नदी तंत्र बनाती हैं। भारत की नदियाँ कृषि, सिंचाई, जलविद्युत, परिवहन और मानव जीवन के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं। भारत की नदी प्रणाली को मुख्य रूप से दो भागों में बाँटा गया है: हिमालयी नदी प्रणाली प्रायद्वीपीय नदी प्रणाली 1. हिमालयी नदी प्रणाली मुख्य हिमालयी नदियाँ: सिंधु गंगा ब्रह्मपुत्र विशेषताएँ ये सदानीरा नदियाँ हैं (साल भर बहती हैं) इनका जल स्रोत हिमनद और वर्षा दोनों हैं लंबी और गहरी नदियाँ बड़े मैदान और डेल्टा बनाती हैं A. सिंधु नदी प्रणाली Indus River का उद्गम तिब्बत में मानसरोवर झील के पास से होता है। मुख्य विशेषताएँ यह भारत, तिब्बत और पाकिस्तान से होकर बहती है कुल लंबाई लगभग 2900 किमी इसकी प्रमुख सहायक नदियाँ: झेलम चिनाब रावी ब्यास सतलुज महत्व सिंचाई के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण पंजाब क्षेत्र की कृषि का आधार B. गंगा नदी प्रणाली Ganga भारत की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदी मानी जाती है। उद्गम गंगोत्री हिमनद (उत्तराखंड) से नि...
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Drainage

NCERT Geography Class 9 Chapter 3 – Exercise Question Answers

Exercise Questions and Answers

Q1. Answer the following questions:

(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

Answer:

A water divide is an upland or mountain that separates two drainage basins.

Example:
The Ambala region acts as a water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.

(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?

Answer:

The Ganga river basin is the largest river basin in India.

(iii) Name the major tributaries of the Indus River.

Answer:

The major tributaries of the Indus River are:

  • Jhelum

  • Chenab

  • Ravi

  • Beas

  • Sutlej

(iv) Where does the Brahmaputra River rise?

Answer:

Brahmaputra River rises near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet.

(v) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through troughs?

Answer:

  • Narmada River

  • Tapti River

These rivers flow through rift valleys.

(vi) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

Answer:

Economic benefits of rivers and lakes:

  • Provide water for irrigation

  • Generate hydroelectricity

  • Help in transportation

  • Support industries

  • Provide fish and tourism opportunities

  • Make soil fertile for agriculture

Q2. Choose the right answer:

(i) Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the branches of a tree?

(a) Radial
(b) Dendritic
(c) Trellis
(d) Centrifugal

Answer:

(b) Dendritic

(ii) In which of the following states is the Wular Lake located?

(a) Rajasthan
(b) Punjab
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Jammu and Kashmir

Answer:

(d) Jammu and Kashmir

(iii) The river Narmada has its source at:

(a) Satpura
(b) Amarkantak
(c) Brahmagiri
(d) Slopes of the Western Ghats

Answer:

(b) Amarkantak

(iv) Which one of the following lakes is a saltwater lake?

(a) Sambhar
(b) Wular
(c) Dal
(d) Gobind Sagar

Answer:

(a) Sambhar

Q3. Distinguish between:

(i) Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers

Himalayan RiversPeninsular Rivers
Perennial riversSeasonal rivers
Fed by glaciers and rainfallDepend mainly on rainfall
Long and deep riversShorter and shallower rivers
Form large flood plainsFlow over hard rock surface

(ii) River Basin and Water Divide

River BasinWater Divide
Area drained by a river and its tributariesUpland separating two river systems
Collects river waterActs as a boundary

Q4. Explain the role of rivers in the economy.

Answer:

Rivers play an important role in the economy of India.

Importance of Rivers:

  • Help in irrigation

  • Generate hydroelectric power

  • Provide water for industries

  • Support transportation

  • Make land fertile

  • Help in fishing and tourism

Important One-Liner Facts

  • Ganga is the most important river of India.

  • Godavari River is called the “Dakshin Ganga”.

  • The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta is the largest delta in the world.

  • Brahmaputra River is called Tsangpo in Tibet.

  • Narmada River and Tapti River flow westward.

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