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Physical Features of India

NCERT Geography Class 9 Chapter 2 – Exercise Question Answers







Exercise Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as:

A) Coast
B) Island
C) Peninsula
D) None of the above

✅ Answer: C) Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called:

A) Himachal
B) Uttarakhand
C) Purvachal
D) None of the above

✅ Answer: C) Purvachal

(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as:

A) Coromandel
B) Konkan
C) Kannad
D) Northern Circar

✅ Answer: C) Kannad

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is:

A) Anai Mudi
B) Kanchenjunga
C) Mahendragiri
D) Khasi

✅ Answer: C) Mahendragiri

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are tectonic plates?

Answer:

Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth’s crust that move slowly over the mantle. Their movement causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and formation of mountains.

(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?

Answer:

The continents that were part of Gondwana land are:

  • South America

  • Africa

  • Australia

  • Antarctica

  • Indian Subcontinent

(iii) What is the bhabar?

Answer:

Bhabar is a narrow belt lying along the foothills of the Himalayas where rivers deposit pebbles and rocks. Streams disappear in this region because the land is porous.

(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.

Answer:

The three major divisions of the Himalayas are:

  1. Himadri (Greater Himalaya)

  2. Himachal (Lesser Himalaya)

  3. Shiwalik

(v) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?

Answer:

The Malwa Plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges.

(vi) Name the island group of India having coral origin.

Answer:

Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin.

3. Distinguish between:

(i) Bhangar and Khadar

BhangarKhadar
Old alluvial soilNew alluvial soil
Found in higher areasFound in low-lying flood plains
Less fertileMore fertile
Contains kankar nodulesFine and fertile soil

(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

Western GhatsEastern Ghats
Continuous mountain rangeDiscontinuous mountain range
Higher in elevationLower in elevation
Receive heavy rainfallReceive less rainfall
Close to western coastAway from eastern coast

4. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular Plateau.

Answer:

Major Physiographic Divisions of India

  1. The Himalayan Mountains

  2. The Northern Plains

  3. The Peninsular Plateau

  4. The Indian Desert

  5. The Coastal Plains

  6. The Islands

Difference between Himalayas and Peninsular Plateau

Himalayan RegionPeninsular Plateau
Young fold mountainsOld plateau region
Very high mountainsBroad and flat plateau
Made of sedimentary rocksMade of igneous and metamorphic rocks
Peaks are covered with snowMostly free from snow
Earthquake-prone regionStable landmass

5. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.

Answer:

The Northern Plains are formed by the deposition of alluvium brought by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.

Features:

  • Flat and fertile land

  • About 7 lakh sq km area

  • Densely populated

  • Suitable for agriculture

Divisions:

  1. Punjab Plains

  2. Ganga Plains

  3. Brahmaputra Plains

Importance:

  • Major agricultural region

  • Good transport facilities

  • Development of industries and cities

6. Write short notes on the following.

(i) The Indian Desert

Answer:

The Indian Desert lies in western Rajasthan. It is also called the Thar Desert.

Features:

  • Sandy plains and sand dunes

  • Very little rainfall

  • Sparse vegetation

  • Luni is the main river

(ii) The Central Highlands

Answer:

The Central Highlands lie north of the Narmada River.

Features:

  • Includes Malwa Plateau and Chotanagpur Plateau

  • Rich in minerals

  • Rivers flow from southwest to northeast

(iii) The Island Groups of India

Answer:

India has two island groups:

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

  • Located in Bay of Bengal

  • Volcanic origin

  • Dense forests

Lakshadweep Islands

  • Located in Arabian Sea

  • Coral islands

  • Small islands with beautiful beaches

Important One-Liner Facts for Exam

  • Himalayas are young fold mountains.

  • Northern Plains are formed by alluvial deposits.

  • Peninsular Plateau is the oldest landmass.

  • Thar Desert lies in Rajasthan.

  • Lakshadweep Islands are coral islands.

  • Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall.

  • Himadri is the highest Himalayan range.

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