Two Stories About Flying Part 1: His First Flight – Detailed Summary First Flight is written by Liam O'Flaherty. The story teaches us about courage, confidence, and overcoming fear. Detailed Summary The story is about a young seagull who is afraid to fly. Unlike his two brothers and sister, he does not have the courage to take his first flight. His parents try many times to encourage him, but he becomes frightened whenever he looks down at the vast sea below. The Young Seagull’s Fear One day, the young seagull stands alone on a ledge of a high cliff. His brothers and sister have already learned how to fly. They enjoy flying over the sea and catching fish. But the young seagull feels certain that his wings will not support him. He fears that he will fall into the sea and die. Because of this fear, he refuses to move from the ledge. His parents scold him and threaten to leave him alone if he does not fly. Even then, he cannot gather enough courage. Feeling Hungry and Lonely The nex...
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Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

NCERT English Class 10th – Exercise Question Answers (Simple Words)







Oral Comprehension Check

1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone?

The ceremonies took place in the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa.

Some public buildings in India made of sandstone are:

  • Red Fort

  • Parliament House

  • Rashtrapati Bhavan

2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?

10 May is an autumn day in South Africa because seasons there are opposite to India. In May, South Africa has the autumn season.

3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

The “extraordinary human disaster” means the system of apartheid and racial discrimination in South Africa.

The “glorious human achievement” means the establishment of democracy and equal rights for all people.

4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

Mandela thanked the international leaders for coming to South Africa and supporting the struggle against apartheid.

Oral Comprehension Check

1. What ideals does Mandela set out for the future of South Africa?

Mandela wanted:

  • Freedom for all

  • Equality among people

  • Peace and justice

  • A country without discrimination

2. What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed?

The military generals saluted Mandela and showed respect to the new democratic government.

Earlier, they supported apartheid, but now they supported democracy and equality.

3. Why were two national anthems sung?

Two national anthems were sung to show respect for both Black and White communities and to promote unity in South Africa.

Oral Comprehension Check

1. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country

(i) in the first decade, and
(ii) in the final decade, of the twentieth century?

(i) In the first decade, South Africa had a racist government controlled by white people.

(ii) In the final decade, South Africa became a democratic country with equal rights for everyone.

2. What does courage mean to Mandela?

According to Mandela, courage does not mean being fearless. It means controlling fear and defeating it.

3. Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

Mandela thinks love is natural because people learn to hate. If they can learn hate, they can also learn love.

Oral Comprehension Check

1. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

Mandela mentions two obligations:

  1. Duty towards family

  2. Duty towards community and country

2. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”?

As a boy, freedom meant playing and moving freely.

As a student, freedom meant studying and choosing a career.

These were temporary freedoms. Real freedom means equality, respect, and rights for all people.

3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

No, Mandela thinks the oppressor is not free because hatred and discrimination make a person cruel and narrow-minded.

Thinking about the Text

1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration?

They attended to support democracy in South Africa and to honor Mandela’s struggle against apartheid.

2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots”?

He means his success was possible because of the sacrifices and struggles of many freedom fighters before him.

3. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples?

Yes, difficult situations make people brave and strong.

Mandela says many great leaders became strong because they suffered under apartheid.

Example:
Mahatma Gandhi fought against British rule with courage and truth.

4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?

As a child, freedom meant fun and enjoyment.

As he grew older, he understood that real freedom means human rights, dignity, and equality.

5. How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?

His desire for freedom made him a freedom fighter. He sacrificed his personal life and worked for the freedom of his people.

Important Lines from the Chapter

“The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”

“No one is born hating another person.”

Conclusion

Nelson Mandela teaches us the importance of freedom, equality, courage, and humanity. The chapter inspires students to fight injustice and respect all people equally.

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